Sino-Tibetan Affairs Essay -- Tibet History Government Papers

The Tibet Question has evolved into a Western synthesis of affairs and circumstances that govern the uncertainties of Tibets national identity- a mere euphemism concerning the improbabilities of Tibets political fate. Tensions manifestly escalate by the day, as questions of Tibets impending future become more and more desperate, and to the chagrin of many Tibetans, only the Chinese government has the forethought to ascertain a solution. Though the future of Tibet and China is still more or less unseen, it does happen to serve a function in illuminate the aspects of their rough and tumble past. The premise to my screen concerns itself with the chronological development of Sino-Tibetan foreign relations. From its origins in tribute relations, on through Mongol dynastic rule, and ending in the apocalyptic era of Mao, I intend to explore the various strategic purposes and objectives that led to Tibetan neutrality and Chinese antagonism, the definitive stance of todays affairs. T he evolution of this relationship is no more than a mirror and reflection of the progression of ethnic kinship into a national identity. The fundamental purpose of my essay is to extend the Tibet Question, so as to include the uncertainties and questions of Tibets ethnic identity in conjunction with the real question regarding their political fate. I make the confidence that the conflict of today is simply the culmination of prior ethnic conflicts, and not the struggle for supremacy between two proximal nations. The Tibet Question has been misconstrued so as to consider the Sino-Tibetan conflict exclusively one of politics, but in truth, as my essay should reveal, it transcends borders and exposes greater ethnic attitudes.Origins An Exami... ... Oxford University Press, 1962., 475.5 Smith Jr., Tibetan Nation A explanation of Tibetan patriotism and Sino-Tibetan Relations, 23.6 Smith Jr., Tibetan Nation A History of Tibetan Nationalism and Sino-Tibetan Relations, 22.7 Smith Jr., Tibetan Nation A History of Tibetan Nationalism and Sino-Tibetan Relations, 23.8 Smith Jr., Tibetan Nation A History of Tibetan Nationalism and Sino-Tibetan Relations, 25.9 Smith Jr., Tibetan Nation A History of Tibetan Nationalism and Sino-Tibetan Relations, 2710 Smith Jr., Tibetan Nation A History of Tibetan Nationalism and Sino-Tibetan Relations, 27.11 Melvyn C. Goldstein, The Snow Lion and the Dragon China, Tibet and the Dalai Lama, 2.12 Melvyn C. Goldstein, The Snow Lion and the Dragon China, Tibet and the Dalai Lama, 4.13 Hugh E. Richardson, Tibet and its History, 1-2.

APEC Essay -- essays research papers fc

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) began in 1989 in reaction to the developing interdependence among Asia-Pacific economies. At first this organization was a assemblage that met unofficially. APEC now has become the crucial provincial conduit for encouraging open trade and realistic economic cooperation. Its mark is to progress Asia-Pacific economic vitality and the essence of the people. APEC consists of 21 nations and other political units that border the Pacific Ocean. Economic and political alliances have been formed among the countries of the Pacific Rim. APECs aims entangle reducing trade barriers among its members and to further trade and investment in the piece. Its principles are to support economic growth and development of the region and world economic liberalization, to press barriers of the trade of goods, services and investment, and to facilitate economic, technical and investment cooperation among its member economies. (http//www.apec2002.org.mx/sevents)Th ere are now twenty-one active members in APEC. Twelve nations have been members since the group was formed in 1989 Australia, Brunei, Canada, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, and the United States. In 1991, China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan became members. Mexico and Papua New Guinea joined in 1993, and Chile in 1994. Hong Kong became a peculiar(prenominal) administrative region of China in 1997 but kept its separate membership in APEC. Peru, Russia, and Vietnam became members in 1998. (http//www.apecsec.org.sg/)http//www.apec2002.org.mx/index.cfm?action=content&IdCategory=1&IdSubCategory=7&IdTopic=2The first two years of APEC, the members set up ten groups that would investigate opportunities for cooperation. The members of APEC meet annually since the beginning of the formation of APEC. In 1993 the heads of APEC met to constitute operative groups to postulate about local cooperation in the areas of higher education, human re source development, and trade and investment. They also set up the Pacific Business gathering. The Pacific Business Forum was created to elevate immediate cooperation with privately owned businesses. Through many forums and meeting APEC agreed to implant a free-trade zone in the midst of their countries by the year 2020. &n... ...ilateralism means that the ideas of other members are not properly discussed. This becomes a problem because the decisions that APEC makes forget affect all of its members. A debate over the subject matters of APEC will help to create more momentous steps toward greater trade and investment where exposure becomes an actuality.Even though APEC has some problems their accomplishments outweigh them. APEC is still working towards its goal of free and open trade with working groups and committees. Working groups inquire about local cooperation with specific topics. APEC is particularly important in making the region focus on issues of trade and opening the gl obal market.Works Citedhttp//usinfo.state.gov/regional/ae/apec.htmhttp//www.noie.govhttp//www.apecsec.org.sg/http//www.apec2002.org.mxhttp//www.apec2002.org.mx/seventshttp//www.apec2002.org.mx/index.cfm?action=content&IdCategory=1&IdSubCategory=7&IdTopic=2http//www.apecsec.org.sg/loadall.htm?http//www.apecsec.org.sg/workgroup/fish.htmlhttp//www.mac.doc.gov/internet/aplacfaq.htmhttp//www.brook.edu/dybdocroot/comm/PolicyBriefs/pb026/pb26.htm

Dropping the Atomic bomb on Japan :: Essays

Dropping the Atomic bomb on Japan Currently, the United States of America is in the aftermath of a military action in which the U.S. used a preemptive strike with a weapon of unmatched technology and power. The United States went after an enemy who had attacked without inform (the terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001) or at least they went after whom they thought had attacked us. By heading into Iraq, the U.S. was attempting to finish what could become a messy, complicated war. The United States has tried this before, lets escort how it worked. On August 6, 1945 the United States drift offped an unprecedented atomic bomb on Japan, which effectively ended the second World War. The dropping of the atomic bomb was a momentous event in history. The decision to drop the bomb has been scrutinized as to its necessity and morality, and the question has arisen if the United States had to do it again, would they drop the atomic bomb? The prescribed government story is that the atomic bomb was the quickest way to end the war and saved millions of lives. Another option says that the United States dropped the bomb in large-mouthed part to threaten the Soviet Union. What caused the United States to build the bomb and why was it that it was deemed necessary? What other means of battle were there, and why were they unable to end the war? Why was the atomic bomb dropped, and if offered the chance to replay history, would it happen again? Even if they knew then what they know now, I believe that the United States would again drop the bomb. Japan is small island country with few natural resources, lacking especially in iron and oil. Starting before World War I, Japan locomote to ease these limitations by working to acquire new territory. Within a period of 15 years (1894-1909), Japan took over the Pescadores Islands and Formosa, defeated the Russians, and annexed Korea Smurthwaite p.12. These actions forced the ease of the world to reco gnize Japan as one of the strong powers in the East. As a result of the Treaty of Versailles (January, 1919), they gained the former German territories in the Mariana, Caroline and Marshall Islands McKay p.

Conflict in a Dangerous Spring :: essays research papers

In the novel Dangerous Spring, by Margot Benary-Isbert, conflict is a reoccurring theme in the midst of many characters and events that provides the driving force for actions in the story. The story takes place during the final days of World War II. Although this point in time provides the basis for the conflict, at that place are many other situations where conflict is shown. The main character, Karen Lorenz, experiences the most of this trouble. Conflict is the theme that is shown best in this story, because in that location are many situations that build up. We and so see the resolution of each situation.The story begins in spring on Easter Monday, April 2nd, of 1945. Karin Lorenz and her family live in the small town of Erfurt in Germany. The Lorenz family hears news that the associate invasion is expected to be storming through into surrounding areas of Erfurt. Conflict is immediately shown here in that there is war taking place between Germany and the Allies. The invoke of the Allies causes Karen to attempt to convince her family to escape to Eberstein, where Pastor Helmut Lobelius, Karens boyfriend, lives. Helmut had invited the family numerous times, but Karens father was against the idea because he is a doctor and of necessity to tend to his increasing number of patients. Karens parents also believe they are in safety because they deem that there is not much fighting left hand to do. This shows conflict in that Karens parents do not believe in her ideas. They think she is just an impractical girl with a silly idea, and they believe that e reallything go out be fine with time. Word is then heard that Erfurt is in the path of the Allies and that the town is to be invaded soon. Karen finally persuades her parents they need to escape Erfurt while there is still time. At the close of the novel, the war resolves to an end. The Lorenz family returns home to a war-damaged Erfurt. Another resolution is that Karen grows more mature and her parents learn to listen to her more.Karens brother, Till, is a very strong supporter of Hitler at the beginning of the novel. He was involved in the Hitler Youth Movement, called the H.J. Till was carefree, daring, and brave at the beginning. Till must leave the H.J. when the family leaves for Eberstein. enchantment Tills family is staying at Helmuts, Till meets a girl who offers him work at her fathers farm.

Password Privacy Essay examples -- Social Networking

A persons right to privacy is being challenged with the spirited make use of of social media such as Facebook and Twitter. What used to be considered part of your personal life is not so personal anymore. When one chooses to share details virtually ones-self to their friends via a social media, they are not always thinking about the other people. The other people could be ones current boss or future day employer. Other people could be a school official, your baseball coach, your friends mother you name it the list goes on and on. Recently, a few employers or perspective employers dupe requested Facebook and other social net drub log-in information. It is probably a violation of equal employment laws, and there are two senators investigating the institutionalize of requiring job applicants and employees to provide their social network log-in information as a condition of employment. Most of us feel that what we do outside of work or school is our personal life and should have no bearing on our professional/business life. Being on a sports team during high school, we were told on many occasions to not bring outside problems or issues to practice with us. In a sense, now looking back, the coach was respecting our privacy. She did not take to know that ones cell phone bill is over two hundred dollars and their mother is going to be very angry when she sees it, or that one had an argument with their boyfriend twenty minutes before leaving for practice. She was allowing us to keep our personal life separate from our sports life. Ms. Galutz, color guard instructor, would have-to doe with to this practice as checking your baggage at the door, It does not mean they were not looking at what you were doing outside of our practice times, it just meant to not let it aff... ...e in the public eye(predicate) information. Reducing your friends list may help protect you, too. If you know a certain group of friends that are the weekend party people, and so maybe they make to be just your friends and not your Facebook friends.Hopefully, in the near future, there will be some legislation passed to protect our privacy rights but even then remember you are the best defense against any personal information that may cause damage to yourself. Works CitedKolakowski, Nicholas. Facebook Pushes Back Against Employers Wanting Passwords. 24 certify 2012. eWEEK.com. .Rash, Wayne. Facebook Passwords, Information Need to Be Kept Private. 27 March 2012. eWEEK.com. .

Password Privacy Essay examples -- Social Networking

A persons right to privacy is being challenged with the racy utilize of social media such as Facebook and Twitter. What used to be considered part of your personal life is not so personal anymore. When one chooses to share details virtually ones-self to their friends via a social media, they are not always thinking about the other people. The other people could be ones current boss or in store(predicate) employer. Other people could be a school official, your baseball coach, your friends mother you name it the list goes on and on. Recently, a few employers or perspective employers realise requested Facebook and other social net sue log-in information. It is probably a violation of equal employment laws, and there are two senators investigating the charge of requiring job applicants and employees to provide their social network log-in information as a condition of employment. Most of us feel that what we do outside of work or school is our personal life and should have no bearin g on our professional/business life. Being on a sports team during high school, we were told on many occasions to not bring outside problems or issues to practice with us. In a sense, now looking back, the coach was respecting our privacy. She did not postulate to know that ones cell phone bill is over two hundred dollars and their mother is going to be very angry when she sees it, or that one had an argument with their boyfriend twenty minutes before leaving for practice. She was allowing us to keep our personal life separate from our sports life. Ms. Galutz, color guard instructor, would denote to this practice as checking your baggage at the door, It does not mean they were not looking at what you were doing outside of our practice times, it just meant to not let it aff... ...e world information. Reducing your friends list may help protect you, too. If you know a certain group of friends that are the weekend party people, and so maybe they postulate to be just your friends and not your Facebook friends.Hopefully, in the near future, there will be some legislation passed to protect our privacy rights but even then remember you are the best defense against any personal information that may cause damage to yourself. Works CitedKolakowski, Nicholas. Facebook Pushes Back Against Employers Wanting Passwords. 24 bound 2012. eWEEK.com. .Rash, Wayne. Facebook Passwords, Information Need to Be Kept Private. 27 March 2012. eWEEK.com. .

Analysis of Howard Carter’s Diaries

Tahirih Osborne 11. 16. 11 HHIS 101 Jeff Bibbee Tutankhamen Anatomy of an Excavation. Howard Carters diaries. The first excavation season in the tomb of Tutankhamen. Part 1 October 28 to December 31, 1922 Griffith Institute, Oxford OX1 2LG Otter Box This enter provides an in-depth description of Howard Carters initial discovery of the ante-chamber to King Tutankhamens tomb. November 26th describes the discovery of an unidentified room filled with artifacts, while November 27th describes the initial excavation of this room and identifying it as Tutankhamens tomb.Howard Carters passion for Egypt and archeology is prominent in his careful description of the excavation of this tomb. While written in a diary format, it is obvious that he intends to later on share his findings with his academic community (which was indeed later published. ) His use of exacting language and in-depth description of what he experiences, down to a laundry list of items the ante-chamber contains, is include for those scholastic all(prenominal)y inclined, but his personal awe still shows through. Howard Carter was a dedicated egyptologist, and this excavation became the hallmark of his career.Discovering Tutankhamens tomb was an explosion to the Egyptology community. With only two minor robberies to its make (thought to have happened shortly after the paraohs death), the tomb stood as a virtual time capsule. No other tomb is thought to be as complete. This gives a very good insight into the climate of the period. Having such a number and range of artifacts from the same time period allows scholars to draw conclusions about everything from the religious practices of the period, to the focus furniture was made, and to make guesses about the wealth of the pharaoh and of Egypt itself.These artifacts went on to be some of the most-exhibited and well known works of art from the period, and are now synonymous with ones amiable image of Egypt. What is perhaps most overlooked and most interes ting about Howard Carters recordings is his care during excavation. Each detail of each piece was put down to paper. Carters punctilious record keeping and care of individual pieces meant that the tomb took nearly ten years to fully excavate, document, and transfer. Despite onstant media coverage of the excavation, Carter only permitted a single newsperson to visit the site. Carter was obsessed with keeping the excavation complete, and unharmed, and the exacting nature of his proceedings made it so. Though Egyptomania had already begun spreading with the discovery of Queen Nefertitis bust in 1912, it was largely Tutankhamens tomb that was responsible for the obsessions peak in the 1920s. During and after full excavation and documentation, Howard Carter published his diary into three volumes, in 1923-1933.They quickly became best-sellers, and, along with the artifacts world put on exhibition, started to influence pop culture. Egyptian art influenced jewelry, clothing, architecture, and was a big part of the art deco movement. Women became obsessed with dressing and looking like Cleopatra, and hotels, restaurants, and theaters all decorated their buildings with pyramids and hieroglyphs. Even literature took a page out of Egypts book, with tales of African adventure becoming best-sellers, and most memorably, Agatha Christie writing her seminal mystery A destruction on the Nile.Egyptomania still has currency. For instance, look at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, which 1978 began to resurrect the Temple of Dendur. See also the Louvre, which in 1989 built its own glass pyramid. And in 1993, Luxor Las Vegas opened, a multi-million dollar casino built thirty stories high in black glass to resemble the pyramids of Giza, with its own replica tomb of Tutankhamen. Songs like the Bangles Walk homogeneous an Egyptian play through the heads of the masses, and Liz Taylors Cleopatra has become a cult favorite.Egyptomania has even descended to such depths as to remake Boris Karloffs The Mummy, with parts one, two, and three. Few other events have infiltrated the everyday conscious the way the discovery of King Tuts tomb has. One clear example in my life has been the events of September 11th, 2001. If the side effects of Tutankhamens discovery has infected us for one hundred years, 9/11 will surely do the same. The consequences of that attack are part of my daily life, and it is difficult for me to think of a time when it wasnt.Instead of Egyptomania, there is now terrorist-mania. Since the plane crash at the World Trade Center, our public and private image has changed completely. A whole new discussion section was created by excutive authority- the Department of Homeland Security. Instead of going from check-in to boarding the plane in thirty minutes, airport security takes hours because of high intensity screening. nation are no longer free to enter and exit public buildings, most especially governmental buildings.The attacks spurred a rise in hyp erpatriotism and a social climate that is dependent on being an American. Immigration has been tightened down until it is almost impossible for some people to enter the US. Arabs especially are discriminated against because of the percieved terrorist threat by the Muslim fringe. Strangers no longer smile at each other on the streets. The American obsession with terrorism has even led to acts such as the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, and the passing of the Patriot Act, which allows warrant free wire-tapping of suspected terrorists.Americans have been giving up their civil liberties to feel safe, arguably without any increase in preventive at all. Instead of opening the paper and reading fantastic stories about the discovery of ancient tombs and grand exhibitions, we open the paper and read yet some other story about a dictator being ousted or a terrorist being taken down. While Egyptomania was a postive cultural phenomenon, we are now keep in an entirely different world of war and strife caused by an attack that our country can never let go of.

Montessori’s Observations Essay

Children make a match with mom/parent.This is the reason that consistency is such a key issue in early small fryhood development. Children feel comfortable with routine because they know what to expect Children desire order.As above, when the environment has inherent social structure and order, small fryren feel safe. Children need to feel safe to explore their environment. Children have an innate desire to define.Our brains are hard-wired to apprise. Children will learn spontaneously. Our role is to facilitate this as lots as possible without interfering in the natural scholarship patterns of each individual child. Children have a drive for spontaneous activity.Any person who has been dear a young child knows this is true. In a Montessori environment, children are free to move about the classroom inwardly the guideline of being respectful to others. Children moldiness be active to draw self-discipline.When a child chooses a work from a shelf, does the work to the best of their ability and returns the work to the place that they found it. This is a completed work cycle. Adults often marvel at the childs ability to focus on a task with such deep concentration. This is because they chose the work. It called to something within the child. No adult, parent or teacher could ever coach this concentration. It is innate within the child. Through the choosing of works and full completion of tasks, the child becomes self-motivated, self-disciplined and self-directed. Children learn through imitation and trial and error. This was not a new concept even one hundred years ago. However, Montessori utilize the principle. In a Montessori environment, the teacher/guide shows the child how to do the work. She then invites the child to do the exercise. The child may repeat the exercise as many times as they like. The path in which the child does the exercise gives the guide clues about the childs development. Children learn best in a multi-sensorial environment. Th ere is a lot of news these days concerning what kind of learners we are i.e. auditory, visual, or kinesthetic. Most of us learn in a variety of ways. Montessori set up a multi-sensorial environment where she utilized didactic materials to educate the senses that were originally designed to test the senses. Montessori children learn to not only look, but see, not only listen but hear. Since all learning comes to us from our senses, this multi-sensorial approach enables children to comprehend at a deeper level. Children learn best when they get to put their hands on the materials. Rather than have a child sit at a desk and be lectured, Montessori felt that children would learn best if they were able to touch and manipulate the materials. This of course combines with the other observations that she made about how children learn. Children learn best in multi-age group settings.Gifted and Talented classrooms are beginning to make use of this model. Montessori noticed that children imi tate and learn more easily from onetime(a) children. Montessori classroom are set up in three-year cycles so that a child will come into a classroom as the younger child and progress to being the honest-to-goodness child. As the younger child, they will learn more quickly, trying to emulate and keep up with the older children. As the older child, they become strong leaders. They will learn how to assist the younger child. This not only boosts their self-esteem and self-worth, but also gives them an opportunity to repeat exercises that they have already done and in doing so, gain a deeper understanding. Children have sensitive periods for learning.Human brains are designed to learn specific things at specific ages. A three-year -old child can become trilingual (by absorbing the languages in their environment) without difficulty. They will be able to keep the languages separate. This is not possible for the adolescent, who must work hard to gain a second language. (Most language pr ograms do not begin until junior high school.) Each Montessori classroom, Infant/Toddler, Primary, Elementary and Adolescent are prepared with developmentally appropriate works. Montessoris observations concerning the windows of opportunity for the development specific areas of abilities in language, math, cultural, social, physical continue to be corroborated by brain research. Dr. Montessori recognized that children have specific needs, the need to experience order, independence, movement, language, discipline, love and security. With true cooperation of school and home and a clear understanding of how to meet the childs needs, a healthy child will emerge.

The Book: Boofheads

Essay on Boofheads by Mo Johnson. The book of account Boofheads is a story establish on prejudice. Prejudice is here in every day society. This book was written by Mo Johnson for teenagers that come the same fuss. The problem is sexism. The prejudice in the book is sexism and how it can affect people in such ways that they have to give up one of the most important things in life. With the troika seventeen category old male childs Ed, Steve and gobbler sexism is a big problem.In the book Boofheads by Mo Johnson sexism is a problem between young boys and daughters. The girl saying virtually girls being smart and boys being stupid. This was a clear demonstration of prejudice in Boofheads. In chapter three the three best-friends Ed, Steve and Tom were solely in side class. Their teacher had asked Tom a question about the book Pride and Prejudice which the class had been given to read for homework. One of the girls in the class named Amy Jones had spoke up before Tom could star t to tell his question.Amy then answered the question correctly and turned to Tom and Steven to comment on how dumb they were. Her arguments aim was to prove that girls were clearly smarter than boys and that they were not able to produce a single word of half decent English, Amy had commented. This example explains why this passage from the book has the prejudice of sexism. Boofheads by Mo Johnson has a main story line on three teenage boys pretending to be a 36 year old lady in order to have a column in a teenage girls clipping.The three boys Ed, Steve and Tom have had the opportunity to prove themselves right to all the sexist girls in their school. They are going to become a fake lady so that they can answer teenage girls problems in Toms mothers magazine. Each month they get an email from Toms mum with problems from girls around the state. They come up with solutions to the problem and send an email back to Toms mum with the answers. They only do this to prove that boys can p roduce a single word of half decent English.The girls in the boys school are adamant that the boys are dumb and these three boys want to prove that they are not. In Boofheads the seventeen year old boy named Tom has a mother that is a fussy magazine editor. One of the best in the country. She has a messy office and never relies on Toms advice. Tom is always giving his mother advice on the look of the magazine, contrasting colours and some fashion ideas. He is usually right as his mother gets the same criticism from her boss. She never even realises that Tom gave the same advice to her rior to her changes. She does not guess that a male has any brain for a magazine and they need to stick to the things that men are supposed to do. Tom could be right on the spelling of a word and she would still not believe him. This shows that women of an older age are still sexist to males when it comes to how smart they really are. In conclusion the book Boofheads by Mo Johnson was a book about sex ism. It was mainly based on sexism on males by females. This is why Boofheads is a book about prejudice.

Organisational Development Essay

Training and development is an important part of knowledge management in any given governance. For the learn of staff to be effectual the aright instructional origination model must be used. Instructional system design is a model of fostering, which utilizes a systematic approach to dressing with an aim of achieving competence through utilisation of resources available. It must be noted that in any given system of rules money is forever a coyness and when it comes to employee fostering the best cultivation model must be adapted.Instructional system design is favored over many other models in that it golf links training to organizational goals and as a result, it is cost effective. The workplace is increasingly becoming a place where business organizations can nurture, improve and encourage the potential and capabilities of employees. One of the most common ways in which organizations nurture these gifts is by introduction of training schedules which aim at preparing em ployees to better meet the challenges of todays workplace.However, unless training programs are carefully constructed, much(prenominal) programs are un in all probability to meet the demands of the market as salubrious as individual gets of the employees and the needs of the organization. This written hide discusses the important considerations honourable considering while blueprint training programs. Background information BBC as a company has it core values as to inform, to educate, as nearly as to entertain. The vision of BBC, which entails being the most creative as easily as trusted organization in the world.It is in line with the vision that a training and development strategy has been put in place. To be creative, it takes well trained staff, men and women who can forecast and remain focused in their duties. However, as (Tjepkema, 2002. 100- 130) notes, for management to perform their duties satisfactorily, they should posses the capability and means. Tjepkema, (20 02. 90-94) notes that it is not the talent of employees that is important, it is how employees are helped to bring out as well as discover their talents that matters.Training and development should be gear towards making employees realize their full potential. The some(prenominal) experience BBC has on journalism is a confident(p) for BBC and should be used to put the organization on a class of its own. The fact that training and development as it exists in BBC aims at offering practical education in the journalism industry is worthy mentioning. All training at BBC focuses on knowledge and skills imparting. BBC training and development has been victimization generally for the purpose of training operational staff.Training is also bespoke to meet the ever changing needs at BBC. BBC has embraced the need for computer based programs something which is always at the centre of all training needs. There been efforts geared to meeting the fast changing needs in scathe of infrastructure which can cope with todays broadcasting practices and technology. Research and facts collection is a computable step in catering for training needs and thats patent even from the way BBC chooses its sound training facilities from electronic devices to desks.BBC undertakes that all its courses adjust emphasis on learning styles and flexibility. While designing the training program, it is important to bear in mind the fact that, the programs lead to the acquisition of recent knowledge, reassign in knowledge especially in cases whereby the nature of the training is based on new skills necessary for the production functions which may require the use of new machines or different technology which the employees do not possess (Nilson, 2003. 34-35). Justification Training and learning is very relevant to todays organizations.It helps organizations deal with talent development in the organization. As Tjepkema, et al (2002. 100- 120) notes the employees are an organizations best asset and should be fully developed so that every exclusive employee gives out his or her best. This is made possible by thoroughly training and employee development programs. Journalism is a fast changing business in terms of the high needs for customer satisfaction, competition as well as keeping in line with the ever-changing needs for entertainment, education as well as information.The above is challenging and any organization worthy its salt must prepare its employees for the challenge. In preparing and designing training and development practices BBC is taking the right direction. Learning in the work place has its special challenges and any good programs must factor in factors such as change in the organization and requires a combination of values, cultures and a considerable cypher (Tjepkema, et al,2002. 105- 110).According to CIPD survey (2006) different organizations attach variety of importance to talent development but a big percentage (67%) believe that it leads to developm ent of individuals who posses high potential. The paper further notes that training is crucial for preparation of individuals who would take management roles in future. This is very much in line with BBC training goals which aim at developing staff into individuals who can carry out duties and responsibilities leading to customer satisfaction.In house training has been noted as the most effective method of training and development in the CIPD report of 2006. In most cases, the training targets specific groups in an organization, depending on the specific needs of every category of workers such as top company executives, middle level managers, professionals and the bottom level employees. All the above categories take over very varied training needs and therefore the training programs must take into consideration such factors as what each category of employees need.For instance, in an engineering firm, the top management may consist of administrators who are not necessarily enginee ring professionals, the chief executive officer who again may not be a professional as well as some managers such as the production and quality assurance managers, all of whom have different training needs. Therefore, the design of the training program must take care of each categorys special needs. The program should be knowing in such a way as to match the roles and responsibilities of each employee and ensure that the training material, activities and content meet the needs, which exist for the given positions.The training should also be designed in a way in which it leave alone take care for the employees past knowledge and skills. BBC has adopted in- house training strategy which is support by yet another training and development expert (Tjepkema, et al, 2002. 100- 130) as an effective training method. However the adoption of external secondment as is evident in the BBC strategy has been criticized for being an ineffective method of training and development and it is an area where BBC should look into and perhaps change more effective practices such as coaching.The fact that BBC has identified as important, talent management is a step worthy praising. Talent management as practiced by BBC is responsible for the mastery of the organization as well as its position of a market leader in worlds journalism, a status which the organization enjoys as a result of being keen at staff training and development. The methods of learning are very important in the design of the training program and they should take into consideration that, employees are adults and there are some effective instructional methods, which are of preference to them.The learning process should include reinforcement of positive behaviour so as to make the learning process an effective one. In an engineering firm, most staff would need accretion, and fine-tuning of already learnt procedures (Nilson, 2003. 102). A good training program must be detailed enough to meet the goals and objectives o f the organization with clear specifications of the purpose, goals and objectives of the training program. For instance, training at the bottom level of the organization is aimed at transferring new skills.This is because new technologies keep on coming especially in this age of information technology. Therefore employees need to update themselves in using the technology and especially in regard to applying the technology to speed-up production. Any effective training program must have specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time bound objectives in which a clear definition of the goals is given (Nilson, 2003). The employees needs are determined in the context of the nature of work.It is also very important for the management to throttle the goals of the training program in order to make sure that the training program is aligned to the organizational values. The content of the training program as well as the learner activity, which is central to the communication of the cou rse content, is very necessary and should be determined prior to the onset of the course. The victory of a training program is not entirely dependent on organization and the content of training, but rather, on the execution and subsequent follow up after the training.This is where evaluation of the success of the training program comes in. It is imperative that management gets a feedback for the training from the participants who are usually the employees. In line with the best training and development practice BBC has invested in coaching activities and that is something to be encouraged. According to Stewart and Tansley, (2001. 18- 40) coaching activity has become one of the most favored training methods by employees due to its practicability as well as the fact that organisations can expect to see results in a scant(p) time.In addition, instructional system design is easy to apply and does not require a lot of expertise something, which means that organizations can rely on thei r in-house trainers to carry on training programmes within the organization. Therefore, instructional system design creates an enabling environment for continuous training which implies that organizations which settle on the instructional system design are assured of continuous business improvement without anguish about incurring costs commonly associated with other training models.Training Methods can be categorized as being either on the demarcation, off the job or technology-based. On the job training is also referred to as on the site training. This is the training method whereby instead of trainees moving from their workplaces to a different destination for training, the trainer comes to the workplace to train from there. Once in the workplace, the trainer together with the management can choose to train under short sessions such as during staff meetings or choose to dedicate full day to training or even choose to dedicate multiple years for the training.The exact method of delivery during the on the job training depends on the wishes of the organization. On the job training is associated with higher(prenominal) chances of success because attendance is usually higher than the other two training methods for a number of reasons. First of all, trainees do not have to incur extra costs in terms of locomotion to training sites this means that on the job training is cost-effective. Another key advantage of on the job training is the fact that the simulation process becomes easier as trainees can easily link theoretical issues to practical issues.Suggestions BBC has not done enough to ensure talent management is handled with the standards it deserves. Although, Prince, and Stewart, (2002. 55- 72) cited in-house training as the most genuine and popular training, it should be integrated with other methods such as succession planning in order to achieve maximum effects. There is a need for planners to be aware of the effect of in house training if overused and especially in the case of BBC where in house programs have been in use for several(prenominal) years.Over reliance on one approach of training is likely to have reduced impact as employees are more likely to clams viewing it as a boring method, something which is very likely to affect effectiveness of the training programs. Instead of over depending on one type of method, this report is of the opinion that training programs such as mentoring and buddying (Dearden, (2002. 11- 32), cross-functional approach, project assignments as well as graduate development courses would yield better results for BBC organizational training needs.However, it should be borne in mind that the more programs BBC adopts, the higher the cost of investments are likely to go up. This situation calls again for constant and regular evaluation so as to make sure the organization does not invest in ineffective programs which may end up costing the organization for nothing. According to Clatterbuck, and Meggniso n, (2005. 81- 106) hybrid or integrated approaches are more effective in achieving training goals than single approaches.BBC should experiment with the now popular 360- degree feedback method in order to ensure that its training and development programs remain effective. As noted by, Clatterbuck, and Meggnison, (2005. 81- 106), it is always better if an organization could involve outside help in training. This serves two purposes one to grant the monotony of having same coaches training same trainees who become used to them used to, secondly, an organisation should aim at encouraging diversity. It is evident in (CIPD,2005. 2-39), that external secondments shrink from critical roles in ensuring that employees interests is maintained in all training programs as well as giving employees an opportunity to learn from outside the organization. However this report would like to note the observation by (CIPD, 2005. 28- 100) that not all programs will always achieve the objectives they are designed for. Therefore there are always chances that training efforts may fail to achieve their goals. This report also commends BBC for making talent management a priority as evidenced in the budget allocation awarded to the training and development programmes.However there is a need for BBC to move from the level of policy statements to action since no matter how well mean training programmes are, all that matters in the end is how far they go in assisting the organisation achieve its training goals. This report will be incomplete without set off some of the barriers associated with not having an effective training and development programme. The first barrier identified in BBC is that employees have a negative attitude about training and development efforts being made by the organisation.There is considerable evidence that some employees of BBC feel that they are not being involved in designing of training programmes. Dissatisfaction is also arising concerning the criterion fo llowed by the management when deciding which employees enroll for what courses. Dissatisfaction is also seen as emanating from the perception by some employees that they do not return even after training in that they never get promotions or salary increments. Therefore the report challenges the management of BBC to act very fast to pigeonhole out this emerging dissatisfaction.Positive attitude is necessary amongst the employees of the organisation. No matter how well intended, how well funded or organized the training programmes are, if the attitude amongst the beneficiaries is negative, the training is likely to be ineffective and even counter productive. It is suggested here that BBC should move fast to include all staff members in the designing and planning of the training and development. This will in turn result into a positive attitude from the employees pertaining to training and development initiatives in BBC.Conclusion To keep a business organization on the top of the mar ket needs well-trained employees. However the training programs cost companies a lot of money and therefore should be aligned and designed so as to make them effective and efficient. A good training program is only made possible by conducting a careful organizational analysis, determination of training needs as well as the execution of the training process and the follow up to the training. The follow up is necessary as a valuate aimed at sustaining the gains made by the training programs.

Life and work in Merthyr Tydfil in the nineteenth century

The growth of industry in Merthyr was the main reason for the commodious increase in population over a hundred eld from 1750 to 1851. The population was assessmentd at four hundred people for the year 1750,this was just an estimate so we do not know how reliable this is as it is just an estimate and was not an formalized system. However by 1801 the first census was introduced and this produced an official figure for the population in Merthyr at the time, which was seven thousand people. This shows a massive increase in population in just over l years. The population continued to rise up until 1851 where it reached forty six thousand people.Source A1The population of Merthyr TydfilYearPopulation175040018017,000183130,000185146,000The area of Merthyr was ideally set for an iron works, as the mountains above were inexhaustible starting times of Iron ore, coal, limest nonpareil, firestone and fire clay. on that point were several iron works in Merthyr at the time but the ones of Mr.Crawshays were the grandest and largest. The workers winnings averaged 3 a month. This covered Men, Women and Children. The maximum wage of the workers was nine Guineas, which was 9.45 per month. However this compared to Crawshay was nothing as he was earning a bumper 36,000 per annum.These facts and figures come from rootage A2 from the resource booklet. Rev. George Capper produced the source in a journal of a tour of Wales. This therefore makes the source a very reliable piece of evidence as Reverend George wrote it, who would clear been a trustworthy and respected member of society. Also he would have had no reason to adopt a biased view on the subject. The source is very routineful to a historian studying the works in Merthyr as it gives information regarding the size of the works and wage structures of the factory.Transport played a major part in the growth of Merthyr as an industrial town. In 1790 plans were put forward to construct a canal, which would go from Merthyr to Cardiff.It cost 103,600 and took four years to build. On its completion in February 1794 the canal measured 241/2 miles. The canal allowed raw materials to be transported at a much faster rate than previously, it could to a fault transport a larger amount of goods at a time, compared to the old method of a horse and cart. Source A5(ii) shows how in ten years the use of the canal went from 83,729 tons of coal a year to 211,214 tons of coal a year.The levels of discontent in Merthyr started to rise at the start of the 19th century. There were many factors that contributed to this one of them was truck tokens that were issued to workers as payment. This caused discontent because the tokens could only be spent in the shops, which were owned by the truck companies. The goods were highly priced and poor in quality, this along with a number of other issues including the state of the government at the time eventually led to the start of the riots in Merthyr at the start of the nineteent h century.Source B2 explains how the riot in Merthyr had reached such a point that it would be impossible to stop without the assistance of the military. It also explains what the rioters were doing during the riot, how they had demolished truck shops, the main one being the Morgan Lewis shop. It goes on to say that he thought there were in excess of two thousand people doing all the mischief they can. G.Lyndon produced the source in a letter to Samuel Homfray on the 22nd September 1800. It would have been reliable because the letter was taken from the time of the riot, also source B3 is shows a painting of legions arriving in Merthyr which backs up what is said in the letter. The painting is a contemporary painting by Penry Williams.Even though it is a contemporary painting it may not be an entirely reliable source as the artist may have exaggerated the scene, it would have been more reliable if it had been a exposure instead of a painting. This would affect the usefulness of th e source to an historian studying the events in Merthyr. The usefulness of the letter is that it would have been able to tell historians exactly what was red ink on in Merthyr at the time and how serious the riots actually were.At the start of the nineteenth radical ideas started to become more popular in Merthyr. They believed that broad(a) scale reforms were needed in Merthyr at the time. These views are put across in source B4, which is part of an anonymous paper, found near Penydarren on twenty-seventh January 1817. It talks about the misery of the people of Merthyr and how if changes are not made soon the workers will take the law into their own hands.Source A1 shows the growth in population in Merthyr over a hundred years from 1750 to 1831. Source C1 shows the census of 1851 in detail. The reliability of this source is put into question as it says that the amount of money population in Merthyr in the year 1851 is six thousand, five hundred and twenty eight. If this is compa red to source A1, where it states that the population in Merthyr was actually thirty thousand people. thus there is a difference of nearly twenty five thousand between each source. This also casts doubt over the reliability of source A1, but in my opinion source I believe that source A1 would be more reliable than source C1 because source A1 supports the fact that Merthyr was booming due to the change magnitude size of the ironworks at the time.

Unpaid Seller

Un nonrecreational Seller Definition In a feat of barter it is non possible to avoid reliance sales. In credit sales at that place is a risk of a debtor non birthing the monetary value of the goods even after the credit boundary is over. The vender of the goods therefore must be in possession of some recompenses which he can use to secure payment of the set. If the receivey of the price is not possible due to the fountain of bankruptcy of the purchaser, he must set out some otherwise remedies. The exchange of Goods Act has made elaborate comestible regarding the in force(p)s of an unpaid vendor.The term unpaid vendor whitethorn be defined as the vendor to whom the full price of the goods sold has not been paid. The legal definition of unpaid vender is given in Section 45 of the Sale of Goods Act, as under The marketer of the goods is deemed to be an unpaid seller within the meaning of this Act (a) When the whole of the price has not been paid or tendered ( b) When a cock of exchange or other negotiable instrument has been received as conditional payment and the condition on which it was received has not been fulfilled by reason of the dishonor of the instrument or otherwise. Features of the unpaid seller 1. He must sell goods on the cash basis and must be unpaid. 2. If he sells on credit basis, he is not an unpaid seller during the period of credit. 3. The term of credit has expired and the price has not been paid to him. 4. He must be unpaid wholly or offsetially. If a part of price remains unpaid, he is unpaid. 5. When the price is paid in the fix of negotiable instruments and it has been dishonored. 6. If emptor qualifyings payment and seller refuses to brook, the seller is not an unpaid seller. . Party A sells a car on cash basis to party B and the price has not been received yet.. 8. A sells good to B on 5 months credit period and B turns insolvent after 2 months. 9. A sells TV set to B on the same day cheque basis, the ch eque is dishonored due to insufficient. SALE OF GOODS ACT Contract of Sale Sale and understanding to sell (1) A narrow of sale of goods is a pinch whereby the seller transfers or agrees to transfer the spot in goods to the vendee for a money consideration called the price.There whitethorn be a contract of sale between 1 part owner and another. (2) A contract of sale may be absolute or conditional. (3) Where, under a contract of sale, the property in the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer, the contract is called a sale hardly, where the transfer of the property in the goods is to take place at a future while or subject to some condition thereafter to be fulfilled, the contract is called an organization to sell. 4) An agreement to sell becomes a sale when the time elapses or the conditions atomic number 18 fulfilled subject to which the property in the goods is to be transferred. Capacity to buy and sell-sale of necessaries to psyches incompetent to contract C apacity to buy and sell is regulated by the general law concerning capacity contract and to transfer and acquire property Provided that, where necessaries ar sold and part withed to an babe or minor or to a person who by reason of mental incapacity or drunkenness is incompetent to contract, he must pay a liable price therefor. Necessaries, in this section, means goods suitable to the condition in life of such infant or minor or other person and to his actual requirements at the time of the sale and pitch shot. Contractofsale, how made Subject to the provisions of this Act and of any(prenominal) Act in that behalf, a contract of sale may be made in writing or by word of mouth or partially in writing and partly by word of mouth or may be implied from the conduct of the parties. Provided that nothing in this section shall affect the law relating to corporations.Sale and agreement to sell goods on credit in course of retail trade to be accompanied by invoice (1)A sale of goods on creditor an agreement to sell goods on credit in the course of trade shall not be enforceable by action at the suit of the seller, unless- (a) at the time of the sale or agreement to sell, an invoice or docket, serially numbered, be made in writing in duplicate, both original and duplicate containing- (i) the serial number ii) the meet of the transaction (iii) the name of the buyer (iv) the nature and, except in the causa of goods exempted from this provision by site of the Minister, the quantity of the goods, in the English language and in figures and (v)the price in English words or figures and b) at the time of sales talk of the goods, the original or duplicate of the invoice or docket be delivered to the buyer or to some person to whom the goods may properly be delivered on his behalf Provided that the provisions of this section shall not apply to an agreement to sell, over a period of time, goods of nature such as are commonly delivered at regular intervals, such as newspap ers, bread or milk, or to any sale in pursuance of such agreement, where a written order subscribe by the buyer or his agent in that behalf is given to the seller at the time of the agreement to sell. 2) In this section- docket includes a packing note, delivery note or other printed form customarily used for recording the particulars of a sale sale or agreement to sell in the course of trade means a sale or an agreement to sell to a person by or on behalf of a person who carries on the business of selling goods. Duties of seller and buyer 28. It is the duty of the seller to deliver the goods and of the buyer to accept and pay for them in accordance with the term of the contract of sale. Payment and delivery prima facie synchronic conditions 9. Unless otherwise agreed, delivery of the goods and payment of the price are concurrent conditions, that is to say, the seller must be desex and willing to give possession of the goods to the buyer in exchange for the price and the buyer mu st be ready and willing to pay the price in exchange for possession of the goods. Rules as to delivery 30. -(1) Whether it is for the buyer to take possession of the goods or for the seller to send them to the buyer is a question depending in each case on the contract express or implied between the parties.Apart from any such contract express or implied, the place of delivery is the sellers place of business if he has one, and if not, his residence Provided that, if the contract be for the sale of specific goods which to the knowledge of the parties when the contract is made are in some other place, then that place is the place of delivery. (2) Where, under the contract of sale, the seller is bound to send the goods to the buyer but no time for send them is fixed, the seller is bound to send them within a reasonable time. 3) Where the goods, at the time of sale, are in the possession of a third person, there is no delivery by seller to buyer unless and until such third person acknow ledges to the buyer that he holds the goods on his behalf Provided that nothing in this section shall affect the cognitive operation or the issue or transfer of any document of title to goods. (4) Demand or tender of delivery may be treated as ineffectual unless made at a reasonable hour. What is a reasonable hour is a question of fact. (5) Unless otherwise agreed, the expenses of and incidental to putting the goods into a deliverable state must be borne by the seller.Rights of an Unpaid Seller (A) Rights against the Goods Unpaid sellers right wings against the goods may be discussed under the adjacent two heads, namely 1. Where the ownership of the goods has transferred to the buyer In this case, the unpaid seller has the following rights (a) Right of lien. (b) Right of plosive speech sound of goods in go across. (c) Right of resale. 2. Where the ownership of the goods has not transferred to the buyer In this case, the unpaid seller has the right of withholding the delivery of goods sold. (B) Rights against the Buyer Unpaid seller has the following rights against the buyer a) Suit for price. (b) Suit for indemnification. (c) Suit for interest. (d) Suit for repudiation of contract. The Unpaid seller of goods who is in possession of them is entitled to retain his possession until payment or tender of the price in following cases, namely (a) Where the goods have been sold without any stipulations as to credit, (b) Where the goods have been sold on credit, but the term of credit has expired, and (c) Where the buyer becomes insolvent. This right can be exercised by the unpaid seller if the following conditions are satisfied (i)The unpaid seller must be in actual possessions of the goods sold. ii) The unpaid seller can retain the goods only for the payment of the price of the goods. The right of lien is linked with the possession of the goods and not with the title of the goods. Thus, the goods must be in actual possession of the seller. It is, however, not n ecessary that he should possess the goods as an owner. He can exercise the right of lien, even if he is possessing the goods as an agent or bailee for the buyer Section 47 (2). The important legal provisions relating to the unpaid sellers right of lien may be stated as under 1.Where the goods are sold without any stipulation as to credit (i. e. in case of cash sale), the unpaid seller may retain the goods if the buyer fails to pay the whole price Section 47(1)(a). He cannot retain the goods for any other awaken e. g. maintenance,charge of storage during the exercise of lien. 2. Where the goods are sold on credit, the unpaid seller may retain the goods if the buyer fails to pay the whole price after the last of credit period. Section 47 (1) b) 3. Where the buyer becomes insolvent, the unpaid seller may retain the possession of the goods until the whole price is paid.It is so because, the law does not compel a person to deliver the goods to an insolvent Section 47 (1) (c). 4. Where the unpaid seller has delivered a part of the goods, he may exercise his lien on the remaining part of the goods. But where the part delivery is made under the circumstances which show an agreement to waive a lien, the seller cannot retain the goods Section 48. 5. The right of lien is undividable in nature. And, the seller cannot be compelled to deliver a part of the goods on payment of proportionate price of the goods. 1.By delivery of goods to the aircraft carrier The unpaid seller loses his right of lien over the goods when the goods are delivered to some person ( a carrier or other bailee) for the purpose of transmission to the buyer Section 49 (1) (a) 2. By delivery of goods to the buyer The unpaid seller also loses his right of lien when he delivers the goods to the buyer or his agent Section 49 (1) (b). 3. By waiver of the lien The right of lien is for the benefit of the seller. If he like, he may waive his right. And by waiver, the lien is lost Section 49 (1) (c). The waiv er may be express or implied.This right is contained in Section 50 of the Sale of Goods Act, which provides that where the buyer becomes insolvent, and the unpaid seller has parted with the possession of the goods, he can stop the goods in cut across until the price is paid or tendered (I. e. , offered) to him. The right can be exercised if the following conditions are satisfied (a)The buyer has become insolvent. (b) The goods are in the course of cut across, i. e. , the goods have gone out of the actual possession of the seller. But they have not reached in the possession of the buyer. c) The unpaid seller can stop the goods in transit only for the payment of the price of the goods. Duration of Transit The duration of transit is the period between the commencement and end of transit. The transit commences from the time when the goods are delivered to the jobber (i. e. , carrier or other bailee), and it continue till the buyer or his agent takes the delivery of the goods Section 51 (1). The important provisions relating to duration of transit are as follows (a) Where the goods are rejected by the buyer and the carrier continue to have the possession of the goods, the transit does not come to an end Section 51 (4). b) Where the goods are delivered in parts, the seller may stop the remainder of goods unless the delivery of part of the goods shows an intention to give up the possession of the whole of the goods Section 51 (7). (c) Where the goods are delivered to a ship chartered by the buyer, then it is a question of fact in each case whether the carrier is acting independently or as an agent of the buyer. If the circumstances show that the carrier is acting as an agent of the buyer, then the transit comes to an end as soon as the goods are pie-eyed on board the ship Section 51 (5). Termination (or Loss) of Right of Stoppage in TransitUnder the following circumstances, the transit comes to an end and the right of stoppage in transit is lost. 1. Interception by the buyer Sometimes, the buyer or his agent takes the delivery of the goods from the carrier (middleman) before the goods arrive at the appointed destination. In such cases, the transit comes to an end. Section 51 (2). 2. Carriers acknowledgement to the buyer Sometimes, after the arrival of the goods at the appointed destination, the carrier acknowledges to the buyer or his agent that now he is holding the goods on buyers behalf. In such cases, the transit comes to an end. Section 51 (3). 3. Carriers wrongful refusal to deliver the goods to the buyer (Section 51(6)) The important point here is that the refusal should be wrongful i. e. without any just cause. Eg. If the carrier refuse to deliver the goods because of non payment of freight charges, the refusal is not wrongful. Unpaid sellers right of resale is contained in Section 54 (2) of the Sale of Goods Act, which provides that if the buyer fails to pay or offer the price within a reasonable time, the unpaid seller has the rig ht to resell the goods in the following circumstances (a) Where the goods are of perishable nature, b) Where the unpaid seller has exercised his right of lien or stoppage in transit and gives a note to the buyer of his intention to resell the goods. And also (c) Where the unpaid seller has expressly reserved his right of resale. 1. Where the goods are perishable The seller may resell the goods to another person within a reasonable time. The term reasonable time is a. 2. Where the seller expressly reserves his right of resale It may be noted that in such cases, the seller is not required to give notice of resale.He is entitled to recover damages from the original buyer even if no notice of resale is given. 3.. Where the unpaid seller has exercised his right of lien or of stoppage in transit and gives notice to the buyer of his intention to resell the goods If after the receipt of such notice, the buyer does not pay or tender the price within a reasonable time, the seller may resell the goods. In such cases, on the resale of the goods, the seller is also entitled to (a)Recover the difference between the contract price and resale price, from the original buyer, as damages. b)Retain the profit if the resale price is higher that the contract price. until now, if the goods are resold by the seller without giving any notice to the buyer, the seller cannot recover the loss suffered on resale. Moreover, if there is any profit on resale he must return it to the original buyer, i. e. , he cannot keep such surplus with him Section 54 (2). In this sense, the notice of resale becomes obligatory, i. e. legitimately compulsory. Right of Withholding words and Rights against BuyerRight of Withholding Delivery Sometimes the ownership of the goods sold is not transferred to the buyer. In such cases the seller has the right of Withholding Delivery of the goods sold, if the buyer fails to pay the price. It may be noted that this right is in addition to other remedies available to the seller. This right is similar to and co-extensive with the right of lien and stoppage in transit Section 46 (2). Rights against the Buyer The unpaid seller has the following rights against the buyer 1. Suit for priceWhere the buyer fails to pay the price of the goods in terms of the contract, the seller can file a suit against the buyer for recovery of the price Section 55. 2. Suit for damages for non-acceptance of goods Where the seller is ready and willing to deliver the goods to the buyer, but the buyer wrongfully neglects or refuses to accept the goods and pay for them, then the seller may bring a legal action against the buyer for the recovery of damages suffered due to non-acceptance of the goods Section 56. 3.Suit for damages for repudiation of the contract before the due ascertain of delivery of goods Where the buyer repudiates (i. e. , puts an end to) the contract before the due date of delivery of the goods, the seller has the following options Section 60 (i) He m ay not immediately take any action against the buyer, and treat the contract as subsisting and wait till the date of delivery of goods. (ii) He may immediately treat the contract as repudiated and bring the legal action against the buyer for the recovery of the damages. . Suit for interest Where the seller tenders the goods, but the buyer fails to accept and pay for them, then the seller may file a suit for the recovery of the price. In such a suit, the seller may also claim the interest on the amount of price payable by the buyer The court may award the interest from the date of tender of the goods or from the date when the price if payable. The rate of interest to be awarded is at the discretion of the court.It may however, be noted that the interest can be recovered by the seller only when he is entitled to recover the price. Thus, when the sellers only remedy is for damages, he cannot file a suit for interest Section 61. reservation of right of disposal (Section 25). 1. Where there is a contract for the sale of specific goods or where goods are subsequently appropriated to the contract, the seller may, by the terms of the contract or appropriation, reserve the right of disposal of the goods until certain conditions are fulfilled.In such case, notwithstanding the delivery of the goods to a buyer or to a carrier or other bailee for the purpose of transmission to the buyer, the property in the goods does not pass to the buyer until the conditions imposed by the seller are fulfilled. 2. Where goods are shipped or delivered to a railway administration for carriage by railway and by the bill of pack or railway receipt, as the case may be, the goods are deliverable to the order of the seller or his agent, the seller is prima facie deemed to reserve the right of disposal. . Where the seller of goods draws on the buyer for the price and transmits to the buyer the bill of exchange together with the bill of lading or, as the case may be, the railway receipt, to s ecure acceptance or payment of the bill of exchange, the buyer is bound to return the bill of lading or the railway receipt if he does not honour the bill of exchange and, if he wrongfully retains the bill of lading or the railway receipt, the property in the goods does not pass to him. Explanation. In this section, the expressions railway and railway administration shall have the meanings respectively assigned to them under the Indian Railways Act, 1890 . (9 of 1890 . ) Buyers right against seller Suit for damages for non-delivery When the seller wrongfully refuses to deliver the goods to the buyer, the buyer may sue the seller for damages for non-delivery (Sec. 57) Suit for specific performance Where there is a break in of contract for sale of specific goods, the buyer may file a suit for specific performance.The remedy is granted when subject guinea pig of the contract is rare goods, say, a picture by a dead painter (Sec. 58) Suit for damages for breach of warranty Where there is a breach of warranty, the buyer is entitled to sue for damages if he had paid the price to the seller. But if he has not paid the price yet, he may read the seller for a reasonable reduction in theprice. (Sec. 59) Suit for cancellation and damages for breach of contract Where there is a breach of contract by the seller, the buyer may avoid the contract and claim damages. Suit for recovery of price with interestIf the buyer has already paid the price to the seller and the seller does not deliver the goods to thebuyer, he can sue the seller for refund of price and interest at a reasonable rate. (Sec. 61) Examples A case of an unpaid seller sequel 1 Sir, If a sale deed has been entered saying that the consideration has been paid via a Demand Draft (i. e. issued by the Bank on account of lend). However the demand draft has not actually been encashed, as the loan was subsequently cancelled. However believing on the fact the DD will be encashed the seller signed the Sale Deed.Now a s the amount is not actually paid, what can be the means to get the unpaid money? If in the suit for recovery of relaxation amount the buyer is unable to pay the remaining consideration, then what other relief can be provided by the court of law? The buyer got the loan sanctioned by concealing certain facts, so the DD was issued. However before the disbursement the Bank came to know of the facts and the loan got cancelled. That is how the DD could not be encashed. The Bank had issued the DD on the basis of certain facts. However certain important facts were concealed by the buyer from the Bank.Just before the DD could be encashed the Bank came to know the facts and they cancelled the DD. As a result the seller could not get the consideration. Case 2 Please my fellow mates i need urgent help on this Mr. J sells and consigns certain goods to Mr. S for cash and sends the Railway Receipt to him. Mr. S becomes insolvent and while the goods are in transit, he assigns the Railway Receipt to Mr. N who does not know that Mr. S is insolvent. Mr. J being an unpaid seller wants to exercise his rights. Advise (a) whether Mr. J can exercise the right of stoppage of goods in transit ? b) would your answer be different if Mr. N was aware of Mr. Js insolvency before the assignment of the Railway Receipt in favour of Mr. N ? (a)Mr. J cannot exercise the right of stoppage of goods in transist, because the goods are being taken by Mr. N in good faith and for consideration. (b)Yes, Mr. J in this case can exercise his right of stoppage of goods in Transit, as Mr. N has not acted in good faith. (Refer to section 27 of The Sale of Goods Act, 1930) Ref http//www. caclubindia. com/assembly/unpaid-seller-142227. asp. UKXVHIdJNGQ

Barriers to identifying and Treating Older Adults with Substance abuse Problems

Substance cry out among elderly adults is a serious social caper. Detection of this problem, according to specialists, is hampered by barriers . This is all the more serious considering the situation that magnetic core abuse is a serious problem among senior(a) adults but is seldom addressed because of the barriers. The need to identify and break down the barriers is substantial because it is authorized to identify and cure substance abuse patients from older adult age group bracket.This is to consider the implications of such status to older adults impairment of senses and psychical capabilities the advantageouslyness danger of mixing alcohol and other substance with medication older adults take the threat of malnutrition considering the inability of the body to take in food and lastly, the term on overall physiological effects of substance to the aging body which deteriorates because of old age and the everyday wear and tear. This is an principal(prenominal) musing w hy it is important to identify the barriers that hinder or hamper the identification and cure of older adults suffering from substance abuse.II. Discussion Many research endeavors and researchers have already observed the fact that substance abuse is a problem among older adults who argon addicted to different substances like alcohol as well as ethical drug drugs and illegal drugs. Studies atomic number 18 already available regarding the number of older adults in the society who argon suffering from this problem . The complex right smart of life and how way of life differs from one place to a nonher depending on and based from customs, tradition, cultural characteristics, etc. , has strongly affected many important aspects of life.Many professionals believe that this consideration plays an important role in the condition of the society being unable to identify older adults with substance abuse because of perceived barriers. It is important to know what these barriers are, discus s and poll them to be able to understand these barriers and if possible provide solutions so that these barriers are back awayd and the health of the people with substance abuse problems be allowed to improve through intervention. What exactly are these barriers that hinder the identification and palmment of older adults with substance abuse problems?A. Psychological barriers Psychological barriers are present in this condition. Older adults operate to have psychological issues cash in ones chipsing to their cases of substance abuse, as well as psychological issues when it comes to coming out and seeking help for their problem. Often, they have preconceived notions almost how the society will treat them if they openly discuss their problems with substance abuse especially considering the stigma that substance abuse and the society places on the individual. Because of that, they are not overly enthused in seeking help.Compared to younger adults, older adults are less likely to seek out and use mental health or substance abuse services . For example, they might have the tendency to feel that professionals may look at their case as hopeless and useless to cure since they are already old and have only few years to live that intervention would have little effect. Others think that admitting substance abuse at this compass point is something that is shameful. There are many other preconceived notions that deter individuals to come forward.More importantly, it is hard for those suffering from substance abuse to admit that they are addicted and for them to postulate cure. This is a significant barrier. This is deterrent enough for these people to hide in the shadows. When they do, professionals, who try to seek them out, finds it more and more difficult to do so. Because of this, psychological consideration becomes a significant barrier in identifying and treating older adults with substance abuse problems. This psychological and social condition results to two things which strongly affect the efforts to identify and treat older adults with substance abuse problems.First is the lack of cooperative instincts or tendencies on the part of the individual or his or her close family and friends because of the feared repercussions. Second is the absence of the unpaid worker action to come forward and instead undertake efforts to further shield this addiction from being detected by professionals. Analysts are already conscious of this problem and barrier and are already suggesting ways to counter this, like the identification of ideal and useful approaches to this. Barriers are identified and later on removed and contumacious to help the older adults.In addressing alcohol problems or prescription medication misuse in later life, the use of nonjudgmental, motivational approaches can be a key to successfully engaging these patients in- plow . B. Target population Another barrier is the focus on target population. Often, adults, especially olde r adults, are perceived as individuals who are already capable, in control and are not as prone to substance abuse compared to younger adults who are in the early or middle part of their career, or even underage individuals who are more vulnerable to the temptations of substance abuse.This creates a misguided focus. Professionals and the society oftentimes look at a particular demographic alone and often ignores the older adult group in this kind of problem. This focus on traditional target demographics limits. fifty-fifty blinds, professionals from exploring older adult groups, and the medical community should reevaluate paradigms, break traditional notions and stereotypes and consider the fact that every age group that is capable of accessing and ingesting substance that could lead to abuse can be an ideal target for substance abuse patients.In many research studies as well as in popular close and mass media, often, the individuals portrayed as suffering from substance abuse ar e young to middle age adults. Efforts to study and identify substance abuse are often focused on selected groups and often not including older adults. C. Screening and social indicators Social indicators also mislead professionals into believing older adults are sober and are not explored for cases of substance abuse. According to professionals, social indicators like substance abuse symptoms seen at work, in the neighborhood, on the road, etc are often not crude with older adults.This means older adults arent the target of complaints for poor performance at work because of substance use and abuse families and friends seldom complain about older adults in the household suffering from substance abuse, etc. Older adult drinkers tend to have fewer social indicators of abuse . Of course, this is not to mention that on that point are fewer indicators among this group of people considering how they are grossly outnumbered by the youth and the young adult and how figures involving olde r adults are overlooked.Those from younger age groups are bigger and appear more serious, more chronic and more important, which is an incorrect perspective. What also hinders professionals from identifying and treating older adults with substance abuse is the cover song process. Professionals believe that the social condition often makes older adults as individuals who are not commonly screened for any physiological or psychological signs of addiction. It is second barrier that elders are not routinely screened for alcohol abuse by medical and mental health providers . There are many reasons as to why this is the case. For example, it is convenient to explore the possibility that screening is often focused on younger individuals who are more vulnerable to substance abuse than older adults, creating a practice wherein older adults are often not subjected to screening. III. Conclusion Substance abuse is a serious problem. This is a kind of problem that is not limited only to young i ndividuals but to adults and the older adults as well, including the elderly.Evidently, there remains many significant barriers that make it difficult for professionals to identify cases of substance abuse among older adults and enforce medical as well as psychological intervention on the matter. These barriers are not easily broken down. It needs to be identified first and it is often deeply fasten and deeply buried in the socio cultural practice and way of life of the people. Such barrier becomes formidable and hinders the entry of substance abuse recovery and renewal assistance from professionals.In the end, what is important is not the mere identification of the presence of a barrier or certain barriers. More importantly, it is important to know how these barriers can be broken so that older adults with substance abuse problems are identified and provided with medical attention, care and intervention they needed to get over this kind of mental and physical health problem. On a positive light, it is indeed good to know that somehow, professionals are showing new ways and methods to identify substance abuse among older adults , which is significant in fighting off the barriers and allowing identification and intervention to take place.To identify the barriers and more importantly to address them by acting upon it to remove such barriers, it is important that change takes place change in the perspective and outlook of the medical professionals change in the perspective and outlook of health care individuals and entities and most importantly, change in perspective and outlook of the people and the society in general so that identification is easier and the intervention administered faster and more efficiently. References Doweiko, H. E. (2006). Concepts of chemical dependency.California Cengage. Edelman, C. L. and Mandle, C. L. (2005). Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span. Pennsylvania Elsevier Health Sciences. Hales, R. E. and Yudofsky, S. C. (2004). Es sentials of clinical psychiatry. Virginia American Psychiatric Publication. Maddux, J. E. and Winstead, B. A. (2007). Psychopathology Foundations for a Contemporary Understanding. New Jersey CRC Press. Ries, R. K. , Miller, S. , Fiellin, D. A. and Saitz, R. (2009). Principles of dependance Medicine. Pennsylvania Wolters Kluwer Health.

A Legacy to Education Essay

The philosophy of training, leading and fortune is a systematic approach to providing an cultivational experience that is contrivemental and individualized. To teach is to learn, to lead and to serve, colleagues, educatees, the community and to influence the domain we live in with what we hurt learned.The philosophy of a learner is to lay down an instructive knowledge that is studyal and individualized. A learner with experiential, life-centered and a relevant learning educational experience pull up stakes move toward self-directed learning. I forget conflict Learners lives with education that is abide byd as a resource where learning is driven, first by internal motivators rather than external motivators. (Western Michigan University Department of Therapy 1995) I will have a arbitrary influence on learners by victimisation the art of teaching. With my skills acquired by my experience and study and the science of my occupation, I will impact their learning experience an d accelerate their abilities to its highest potential.I will be remembered for my emphases on creating an aviation for learning, bringing qualified data through presentation and innovation, of the highest quality, including unpredicted events into the lessons. Learners will remember me as a instructor, and an artist whos medium of expression is spontaneous, unpredictable, unrehearsed, and a God created experience of learning between teacher and student. (Parkay and Stanford) The legacy I bring to learners in the field of education believes that all students can learn in an effective and collaborative way that will maximize my learned skills, as well as my students learning and ability to achieve. (COE Conceptual Framework)I will lead in the field of education by serving pupils, contemporaries, and the public with tenacity and appealing to a diverse global community in the practice of learning and achieving their highest God-given level, to achieve the highest values in life, that they may in turn, influence their shifting realism with positive contributions. (GCU COE) I will lead by teaching learners to develop critical thinking skills, to develop a social support system for learning, and to be able to tap into their most operative learning styles and to develop lifelong learning skills. (Knowles, M. Holton, E. & Swanson R. 1998) I will lead in diverse educational settings and sacrifice the theories and concepts learned in my program of study, to meet the needs of learners PK-12th grade. (COE Learner goal 6)My legacy and will in the field of education is to serve with my God-Given talents in a positive, purposed and passionate way that will instill value to the profession of teaching, that will be remembered by my students, colleagues and community as someone who made a deflection in the lives of those I touched. I will make a difference in those lives while serving by exhibiting the highest professional disposition, demonstrating the art of teaching and the science of teaching that impact the educational community as well as my own professional growth and development. (COE Conceptual Framework) I will serve using teaching skills that reflect the HQT requirements of the state and Higher Education Learning Institution and my best professional development skills. (COE)The legacy I will leave with my students is imparted knowledge of critical thinking skills, analytical and evaluating skills, survival skills, that will live on and pass on from generation to generation. My legacy is a gift that will concur on giving, long after the career is over, learning and teaching will go on. I will leave a legacy of the passion to learn, to share to grow and thrive and to be an asset to the community. I leave a legacy of believing in myself, and believing in my students, and inspiring them to finish, completing what they have started and I have started within them. I leave the Legacy that they will remember that the fate of our world and humanity is in their hands, so learn and teach and teach and learn, from the cradle to the grave. (Sally Broughton of Montana (CCSSO teacher of the grade 2008)REFERENCESCollege of Education Conceptual FrameworkCollege of Educational Conceptual Framework (Learner goal 6)Sally Broughton of Montana (CCSSOS Teacher of year 2008)Western Michigan University (Department of Occupational Therapy 1995)Knowles, Malcolm, Holton, Elwood & Swann, Richard. (1998 The Adult Learner & Human Resource Development)Forrest Parkay & Beverly Hardcastle Stanford, (Becoming a Teacher)

My School and Its Teaching Environment Essay

In my school, the teaching environment is very good for teachers and in particular for the students. When you take c be the school, at first you leave maintain wow Excellent facilities, playground for teachers and students, cozy cafeteria and a depository library with good ambience where you tail study comfortably, all classrooms are air-conditioned, enough computers for students with the ratio of 11 with internet familiarity. Each student has internet password as well as the teachers and staffs. The school use Fiber Optic line for internet (this is part of my work where I maintain the internet connection for the whole school).In my first 2 years in this school, I was assigned in pith School alone this year I was transferred to Elementary Department as Head of Information applied science including repair and maintenance with 24 hours a week teaching load for students from grade 1 to 5 (too many works hehehe) forgot to mention at the same time I am one of the administrators for TOEFL (Test of side as Foreign Language) exam. Every year, especially year-end everybody is waiting for contract renewal, thinking who will be renewed and who will say goodbye.If someone will leave then we are thinking who will replace them. Why? Simply because we are waiting for other teacher who will introduce another technique in teaching or I simply put it this way for new teachers If you cant beat us, then join us hahahahaha The Culture of this country (Thailand) is al around the same in our country (Philippines) when it comes to being hospitable and respecting other people. They have great respect with each other especially with the old ones. In my school, students develop respect and tolerance for all others, regardless of religion, race, or class.One of the most distinctive Thai customs is the wai. Showing greeting, farewell, or acknowledgement, it comes in several forms reflecting the relative status of those involved. Generally, the military greeting involves a prayer -like gesture with the hands, and it also may include a slight bow of the head. This salutation is ofttimes accompanied by a serene smile symbolizing a welcoming disposition and a pleasant attitude. Thailand is often referred to as the Land of Smiles in tourist brochures. There are a piece of Thai customs relating to the special status of monks in Thai society.Due to religious discipline, Thai monks are forbidden physical contact with women. Women are therefore expected to make way for passing monks to envision that accidental contact does not occur. A notable social norm holds that touching someone on the head may be considered rude. Pointing at or touching something with the feet is also considered rude. In every practise we do whether it is curricular or extra-curricular, we always align it to their culture if this is acceptable or not. But since we do have native speakers, sometimes they dont even care about the culture.They always say that Everybody knows what Thailand is (f or them most of the Thai women are slut, people have already changed) but somehow these native speakers moldiness learn how to adapt into this environment. Yes, maybe that is their perception in this county and they forgot that they are Teachers. Teachers should give moral values and cultivate them in proper way. One of the problems of this school and even this country, discrimination between Asian and English intrinsic speakers are very obvious.Sometimes they just use these native speakers as front of the school but most of the teachers are Asian who are more dedicated to work and yet under salaried compared to these native teachers. Our administrators are composed of Executive Director (owner), Associate Executive Director, Business Director, Curriculum Coordinator, school-age child Support Coordinator, Principals and PTA. PTA in this school is very active in every. If we have activities either curricular or extra-curricular, the parents are always there to support us.Just to name a few for extra-curricular activities 1. Students vs Teachers and supply football match 2. Teachers and Staff vs Parents football match 3. Teachers, Staff and Parents vs Military Personnel Football Match 4. Teachers and Staff Football Match These are some interesting extra-curricular activities that everybody loves to see. Because even the owner of the school also plays in this event. We do have some curricular activities such as 1. tump over in English(Im the coach) 2. Debate in Thai 3. Public Speaking 4. Spelling 5. Story Telling 6. Quiz bee

Freshman English Paper Oliver Sacks

English Wednesday April 4, 2012 view Matters As children, we learn that in that respect are five human aesthesiss show, sound, taste, smell, and tone. Upon reflection and memory, I realize that arrangement is always listed first in the list of spirits. It may just be a reflex or a habit to do so, or maybe its just human nature to lo couchion high emphasis on sight. Sight is taken for granted by most of us, and when we encounter non-sighted individuals, we excite an perceptional and physical reaction that were relieved the non-sighted can non try out.Reading Oliver Sacks case To See and Not See, virtu in ally a man named Virgil, gives me a new and interesting perspective on fraudness. I have a friend who is partially deaf. She and I communicate with optic cues and our communication is helped by the fact that she can elate some sound and can read lips. In contrast, I cannot say I have had an part to spend time with a non-sighted person. While reading approximately Vir gil, however, I felt that I was presumption an opportunity to learn about the liveness of someone who lives in a world of only quaternity senses.Virgil was born with sight, he briefly lost it at the get along with of 3 while ill, and at age 6 developed cataracts which blocked his vision and made him functionally screen door. The life he lived was a unassuming one. He had a steady job and an individualism, was self-supporting, had friends, read Braille papers and books Life was limited tho stable in its way. (112) He accepted his blindness as simply part of his existence Virgils life was imbued with passivity. At the age of 47, Virgil became re-acquainted with an old girlfriend named Amy. Their relationship evolved into a committed one at bottom 3 years.With Amys insistent encouragement, Virgil assented to have cognitive process to re survive one of the cataracts, despite his familys misgivings over the waver to his already stable life and identity as someone who is bli nd. There is a distillment of Virgils state of being as I see it, his life is not his own, other concourse are making choices for him, and he is not asserting himself. Amy and his mother have strong opinions about if he should live with sight or without sight. Virgil himself sits, waiting for them to make a decision about his destiny.And so began Virgils passive journey into seeing again. Virgils situation is not unlike Gregs from Sacks case The pull round Hippie. While Virgil was about to regain his vision, Greg, by contrast, was losing his the result of a stealthy tumor slowly thievery his sight. But Greg, like Virgil, initially had concerns when confronted by his differently sighted future. For Greg, he accepted the interpretation of his swami about the loss of his vision being due to a deeper spirituality, an inner light. He was an illuminate, a great honor. 43) This explanation pacified him about his vision, as it also brought him to a deeper spirituality. Despite their concerns, both Greg and Virgil came to accept their destiny being written by other people in their lives. Amy brought Virgil to her ophthalmologist who reviewed his case and ascertained that the old diagnosis of retinitis pigmentosa may not have been accurate and he agreed to operate. Before the surgery, Virgil could still see light and dark, the tutelage from which light came, and the shadow of a hand in front of his eyes (108) Dr.Hamlin did the cataract removal on his sound eye, inserted a new lens implant and afterwards(prenominal) the bandage came off, Virgil could see but only after hearing the surgeon speak to him to attract his attention. The first thing that Virgil saw was not concrete or a firm image, but light, motions and colors. This was only a brief indication of the tangled web of sight that was ahead. Sacks states Everyone, Virgil included, expected something much simpler. A man opens his eyes, light enters and falls on the retina he sees. though there had been a careful surgical discussion of the operation and possible postsurgical complications, there was little discussion or preparation for the neurological and psychological difficulties that Virgil might encounter. (115) While reading about Virgil, I have to scrape up reflect more upon myself and the sense of sight. Very recently, I was diagnosed with early-onset glaucoma. I received this news from my load with heightened emotion and anxiety about what I would do if I lost my vision. I am lucky that my doctor immediately did a procedure to stop the progression of the glaucoma and keep my vision at its current state.I yield to put myself in Virgils place and have become more empathetic to him and his particular circumstance. I think of my friend who is partially deaf she says she wouldnt swop it for anything it is who she is. Is Virgil conflicted about his identity now that he can see? When Dr. Sacks meets Virgil, Sacks is struck by the way he acted that Virgil was exhibiting behavi or of someone who looks but does not grasp the full picture. He is mentally blind or the definition of agnosic the partial or perfect inability to recognize objects or persons by use of the appropriate sense in Virgils case, the sense of sight.For example, he sees in pieces notices facial features, not a composed face. Virgil still continues to use the actions of a blind person for everyday living, having Amy, now his wife, to establish lines for him to walk from room to room in their house. He evening says he finds walking scary and confusing without touch, without his cane. (120) Virgil is spoting with being disrupted by massive changes having surgery and getting married. The confusion he feels about walking without his cane is understandable.The cane was his support for a introductory of life another aspect that is taken for granted, putting one foot in front of another. Virgils independence is being encroached upon and there is an erosion of confidence in his abilities tha t were part of his identity as a sightless person. Additional aspects of his new life were just as jumbled, as disconnected. Virgil couldnt identify his cat and dog without touching them while visually investigating them. Hes confused by distances, light, sizes, angles and perspectives. Sacks says that Virgil was blind for a minute, until he put on a pair of dark-green sunglasses.Even ordinary daylight, he said, was likewise bright for him, too glary, he felt that he saw best in quite mild light. (131) During the initial testing Sacks conducted with Virgil, they went to a zoo for an outing. Virgil was only able to make out an animal by either the way it moved or by specific visual features, such as height. His heightened sense of hearing was noticed when he heard the lions roaring in the distance. He had a request to touch an animal, and was able to examine a statue of an ape. When he touched the statue, he had an air of assurance that he had neer shown when examining anything b y sight. emanding that he renounce all that came easily to him, that he sense the world in a way incredibly difficult for him and alien. (132-33) Virgils non-sighted and sighted worlds joined briefly in the implication when it became apparent he could visually identify more features of the ape only after touching the statue. In Virgils journey to see again, he appears to be finding his way by adapting his skills from his departed life to his current existence. There must have been a necessity to do so, so as to tide over the gap and to glue together who he was with who he is, and who he is going to be.Otherwise, I could see the confusion, disruption and erosion of independence would become overwhelming to Virgil and could therefore stymie any potential for value after the upcoming second surgery. Virgil was experiencing periods of severe visual fatigue and spontaneous distorted vision. The fatigue was understandable his visual system was weak and unstable, not yet practiced an d strong. The periods of distorted vision that lasted for hours or days were not as easy to understand, and therefore more of a worry.The continuation of the distorted vision became apparent with displays of what Sacks calls psychic blindness speaking of seeing while in fact appearing blind and showing no visual behavior whatever. (136) He exhibited another type of withdrawal of sight, emotional, as well. When his family came to town for his wedding, Virgil began to need Amy to travel him around due to blurred vision. His family did oppose the surgery and despite the verity even then they did not believe he could see. Virgils emotional withdrawal of sight only ended after his family leftfield post-wedding.Virgil was treated by his family as his former self instead of as his current self his past passivity returned and he gave them what they wanted Virgil as a blind man. His current visual identity must have felt threatened. Due to Virgils unpracticed and weak visual state, that either neural hook or identity conflict might just push him over it. (138) After the surgery on Virgils left eye revealed that his acuity was the same as the right eye, there was some improvement but not as much as had been hoped for. He was able to focus somewhat kick downstairs and was able to go back to work after the 2 months since the first surgery.Massage therapy was different for him now that he could see his clients. In order to do his job comfortably, he had to close his eyes and function as a non-sighted person. This experience for Virgil made him revert to functioning as blind rather than sighted, continuing his identity confusion. His continuing experiences for the next few months were memorable experiencing the holidays with sight, seeing his family and home in Kentucky, seeing the ballet with Amy. He interacted with his family while exhibiting visual behaviors, a big step towards change for Virgil. The change was arrested by his becoming critically ill with pneumoni a.The result of the illness was lack of oxygen to brain, and Virgils vision was receding. He acted as though he could see even when he couldnt by reaching for things but saying he could not see. Sacks indicates This condition called implicit sight occurs if the visual parts of the cerebral cortex are knocked out, but the visual centers in the subcortex remain intact. (146) At this point for Virgil, he is now experiencing even more change after his health improves and he leaves the hospital, he is attached to an oxygen tank which leaves him unable to work, and therefore having to move from his home.Of course, these changes have an effect on Virgils visual and emotional states, as they would on anyone. Virgil is now blind again. Even though Virgil has rare moments of minimal sight, he has returned to functioning as a non-sighted person. After the all too-human reaction of rage, Virgil himself has expressed an acceptance of his visual situation. Sacks notes, Virgil for his part, ma intains philosophically, These things happen. (151) As Virgil says, things do happen. My friend lost her hearing as a toddler I will be losing my vision and prepare myself for this inevitable future.All of us deal with these stages of life and envelop them into ourselves, our identities. There are different definitions of perspective point of view representation of objects as they might appear to the eye a mental view or prospect. To apply them all to Virgil is to see him as he should be seen, without a need to change him and to accept him with and without sight. Works Cited Sacks, Oliver. An Anthropologist on deflower Seven Paradoxical Tales. New York Vintage, 1996. Print. . The Last Hippie. An Anthropologist on Mars Seven Paradoxical Tales. New York Vintage, 1996. 42 76. Print.