Urosepsis With Subsequent Bacteremia Nursing Essay

Urosepsis With Subsequent Bacteremia Nursing EssaySepsis is a clinical syndrome defined by a systemic, dysregulated inflammatory response to infection. Clinical features include either a culture-proven or visually identified infection along with two or more than abnormalities in temperature, heart rate, respiration, or white blood count in the response to an infection. This case study will discuss the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and medical forethought of a patient with urosepsis and subsequent bacteremia in a 78-year-old male.KEY WORDSSepsis, abdominal pain, urinary tract infection, bacteremiaINTRODUCTIONSepsis is the clinical syndrome that results from a dysregulated inflammatory response to an infection. The definition of sepsis involves either a culture-proven or visually identified infection, along with two or more of the followingTemperature 38.3C or 90 beats/minRespiratory Rate 20 breaths/min or PaCO2 12,000 cells/mm3, 10 percent immature (band) forms (UPTODATE ARTICL E)Common sites of origin of sepsis include the following classic nervous system meningitisLungs pneumonia, empyemaAbdomen peritonitis, intraabdominal abscess, appendicitis, pancreatitisGenitourinary tract indwelling cathetersSkin and soft tissue cellulitis, trauma, catheters (AM Journal of medicine sepsis)Common bacteria causing sepsis be gram positive bacteria including staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci, and gram negative bacteria including Escherichia coli, Proteus species, Pseudomonas, and Klebsiella species. (The American journal of medicine SEPSIS)Predisposing factors of sepsis include trauma, burns, surgery (especially abdominal procedures), diabetes mellitus type 1 or type 2, chronic renal failure, immunosuppression (as with patients with AIDS, chronic steroid use, chemotherapy, neutropenia, post organ transplant), indwelling intravascular and urinary catheters, old age, infancy, and malnutrition. (first consult)To initiate appropriate supportive measures, it is important to identify the severity of the sepsis syndrome. The severity can be classified along a continuum of systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock.Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) criteria involve a dysregulated inflammatory response to a noninfectious etiology. Possible noninfectious insults include autoimmune disorders, pancreatitis, thromboembolisms, or surgeries. These noninfectious processes moldiness be present along with two or more of the abnormalities in temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and white blood count listed above. UPTODATESepsis, as mentioned above, is SIRS due to a suspected or confirmed infection (Sepsis The American journal of medicine). Two or more of the abnormalities mentioned above along with either a culture-proven or visually identified infection defines sepsis. UPTODATESevere sepsis is sepsis with atleast one of the following signs of hypoperfusion, hypotension, or end organ dysfunc tion. Signs of end organ dysfunction include areas of mottled skin, delayed capillary tube refill of greater than 3 seconds, urine output of 2 mmol, change in mental status, abnormal electroencephalographic findings, platelet count 5mcg/kg per min, noradrenaline